Category: HTML

At the LXJS conference, Mikeal Rogers made a somewhat outrageous rally cry regarding the role of standardization in the development of NodeJS (and some seemed to generalize it to JavaScript overall)… fast forward to 18:20mins and watch from there:

The most cursory amount of brain activity will yield a “O_o” reaction of contradiction to the above. Yet, there is a deep-seeded frustration that standards organizations need to start taking more seriously or they risk a huge developer backlash.

Of course, it’s ridiculous to just exclaim “fuck those guys” when Node’s primary use cases are a Web Server (including I/O) and ECMAScript interpreter; both of which rely on such a long list of standards that one could spend hours listing them out (HTTP, ECMAScript, Unicode, TPC/IP… bla bla bla).

The cries of dismissal for standards organizations seem to come from the underlying frustrations with the (often misunderstood) standardization processes: it is those  processes that go into formalising the technology we rely on for our day to day work (as users, devs, or implementers). Elsewhere, this is what Mikeal describes as “road blocks“, which in many cases is true. For example, the W3C has built-in waiting periods that take months, and forming a new working group can take up to 6 months to a year.

There are at least three points that I think Mikeal was trying to make with his provocative exclamation (in the eloquent vernacular of JS developers, minus the My Little Ponies, cats, rainbows, and unicorns):

1. Node is a proprietary platform – hence, we can build APIs however the fuck we want (i.e., “fuck ’em! we don’t need ’em”).
2. The community will set its own standards (i.e., “fuck them, we’ll make our own shit – and we will make it awesome; they are too fucking slow anyway”).
3. The standards bodies are disconnected from the developers on the ground (i.e., “fuck ’em! they don’t listen to us anyway even when we provide feedback”).

But Javascript developers generally live in two worlds: the Web and Node – so Mikeal’s proclamations need to be carefully considered from both perspectives (Browser and Node – which is, after all, a proprietary platform).

Proprietary VS standards-based

Point 1 above certainly holds – but only for Node. Node has its own core team (once the “Node Illuminati”) that “standardize” the core features to meet the goals of the project. Hence, they don’t really need to care so much about what standards bodies do. Most of the stuff they rely on was done years ago (e.g., HTTP and ECMAScript).

Of course, the Node dudes have to worry a bit about what Google does with V8, and what features they enable or disable by default, but by far and large they don’t really seem to mind what Google does… except in cases where the choice made by a ECMAScript could actually screw with existing community conventions (e.g., modules in ES6).

But then, point 1 above would not hold with Web browsers, obviously. Browsers need standards for two main reasons:

A) So your apps/pages can be used across browsers without pissing off users. There are those that wish there was only Webkit, but unfortunately, there ain’t – and we (developers, users, browser vendors) gotta deal with that… with standards – and that’s a good thing.

B) So to avoid a thermal nuclear patents war – agreeing to a patent policy that allows intellectual property to be shared without the fear that your competitor will sue the pants off ya if you copy their stuff.

Breaking away – again, and again…blessing and a curse

The move out of frustration with politics and processes at standards organizations has happened a million times before: Remember, it was the attempt by a few to disrupt the standards bodies (specially the W3C) that brought us the WHATWG (which is now also considered a standards body).

This renegade group was a blessing, in that they created HTML5 and brought about the death of XHTML – as well as a mass of much needed and fairly rapid innovation and adoption.  And it even brought a lot of changes to the W3C, including the creation of the Community Groups…

But also, to some, a curse: the Leviathan/Benevolent Dictator for Life for HTML – and the mostly FUD that was a lack of a patent policy potentially exposing everyone to patent trolls. And the realization that a few browser vendors had installed themselves as the custodians of the Web – and decided that they “knew better” (and often they did!) on all matters Web.

More seriously, was the sense of exclusion of certain communities who had directly participated in the development of HTML in the past (most vocal of which were the accessibility folks, but also folks that process HTML on the server-side… remember the famous “When did you stop beating your wife, Ian?” email?). Good times.

There was even a recent repeat of burnt egos and pissed off developers with the whole responsive images debacle.

(For the record, I think Hixie is one of the best spec editors in the world and, despite a lot of hurt and frustrated egos along the way – including my own from time to time – has done an amazing job with HTML.)

The point is, jumping ship on standards bodies comes with it’s own set of problems.

The role of standards bodies

Standards bodies are just there to provide neutral ground – and a process of working that allows stuff to work across things (e.g., computers). They also provide a legal framework under which companies can share IPR without being accused of collusion – this then hopefully creates larger markets than they could create on their own.

Not having standards slows innovation and progress: this was clearly evident in the monopolistic actions of Microsoft and IE during the earlier part of the millennia. It took years for the WHATWG to reverse engineer IE6’s into the glorious HTML5 family of specs we behold today. So who is to blame for slow: everyone – the HTML standards prior to 5 are mostly crap because of the rapidity at which they were produced (hence they lack the excruciating detail of HTML5). And of course, legally proven monopolistic actions by Microsoft who abandoned moving the Web forward with a somewhat lame attempt to kill it by stagnation – 10 years of IE6! (and further fragment the crap out of it with SilverLight, which thankfully failed spectacularly!).

It’s not all roses at the WHATWG

But even when standards bodies and their renegade counterparts move quickly, they can also f’up royally: consider AppCache, localStorage, illegibility of the WebIDL spec, and the mutterings of hate for the IndexDB API.

So WHATWG folks need to also reflect on the fact that they are not so smart (everyone makes mistakes, but Web standards is prolly not the best place to be making them – because the Web is forever, right?).

At LXJS, at least, there was also little love for HTML5 audio, and parts of canvas (“canvas, y u have fillRect, but no have fillCircle()?”.

But at least it ain’t native apps land

This brings us to the second reason we have standards bodies: the IPR/patent stuff. Just look across the pond to what is happening over in native apps land (thermonuclear war with Apple vs Samsung, Motorolla, Google, HTC, etc. over swiping gestures and rounded corners… or Oracle vs Google over Java – stupid, but it’s happening: when did you hear about someone being sued over HTML/CSS/JS in a serious way?… it’s all love amongst Web browser makers, right?).

Custom stuff

Moving onto point 2 that I distilled from Mikeal’s talk (“we will make our own stuff”) also holds for Node, for better more than for worst. This is true more or less of any community of tool users (the old “[thing] as She is Spoke“). Both Node and the Web at large have built up their own ways of working with somewhat crappy underlying crap that the standards bodies have provided: The canonical examples include JQuery for sanely working with the underlying pile of poo that are the DOM APIs.

In certain cases, lessons learned from the likes of JQuery have made it back into the standards world (e.g., Selectors API – despite the crappy method name, ‘querySelector’ and ‘querySelectorAll’).

They don’t listen to us

Point 3, sadly, and alarmingly also holds – there is a huge divide between developers and standards folks. I think this is changing – or at least something that standards bodies are trying to change.

One important move has been the shift to moving specs to GitHub. In Mikeal’s talk, he made strong points about the common language and development flow introduced by GitHub. This may allow more developers to participate in the standardization process. This is something that the Responsive Images working group is also trying out – though that effort has also just started.

ECMA could really wake up here too. It was only a few months ago that they officially published ECMAScript in HTML! To which Anne van Kesteren mocked, “welcome to the 90’s!”.

Another move, by the W3C at least, has been the creation of a developer conference and hiring respected developers like Lea Verou to help with out reach, and even having accredited courses to teach developers how to best make use of standards*.

(*full disclosure: I teach one of them).

“I’m too scared to look stupid”

But there is also an issue that the development community does not speak up – this is probably because they don’t want to sound dumb. At JSLX, a lot of speakers I spoke to said that WebIDL was “an illegible pile of shit” (not a reflection on the technical aspects of the spec, and Cameron McCormack who edits the spec knows I seriously love that spec). Yet, I think I was the only person that said on the mailing list that it was illegible (of course, I too got told to politely go fuck myself – and generally annoyed those in the Working Group with my flood of questions for clarifications).

Remember, there are no dumb questions: it’s dumb not to question. If you don’t understand something, say so! 

What can we do about it?

Wow, if you made it this far, you can claim a free beer at the end!

I already said, the experiment to moving to a GitHub flow is a good thing for the W3C and WHATWG. However, there may be another bit missing in the standardization process to allow anonymized feedback to be collected about the legibility/accessibility of specifications to developers – as well as the usability and quality of APIs. There is a lot of “not invented here” syndrome (and general nasty behavior/dismissal) at standards organizations. The move to GitHub might change that because it forces the spec to leave artificial safety and community boundaries of the standards organization (or at least we hope).

The W3C is also trying to address the situation by hiring a “Packaged Application Specialist“, whose responsibilities include trying to make sure we have a coherent/competitive platform – and that stuff gets done in a more organized and timely manner. I’m hopeful that will help, but only time will tell. This echo’s Joe Hewitt’s call for such an individual about a year ago.

And his follow up warning that helps us rethink the web:

…my definition of the Web then is resources loaded over the Internet using HTTP and then displayed in a hyperlink-capable client. This definition is liberating. It helps me see a future beyond HTML which is still the Web. I can say now that when I exclaim my love for the Web, it’s the freedom of driving the open Internet in a browser that I love, not the rendering technology. Hyperlink traversal matters. The Internet being global and decentralized matters. HTML does not matter.

Just something to chew over… here’s your beer: 🍺(Unicode Character ‘BEER MUG’ (U+1F37A))

According to this email by Dan Connolly (HTML-WG chair), HTML5 will be finally published as a First Public Working Draft (FPWD) by the W3C on the 26th of Feb January 22, 2008. Microsoft has been mainly responsible about stalling the publication of HTML5 because of their concerns over <canvas> and its related graphics API. On various occasions, Microsoft argued that the graphics API was out outside the scope of the HTML WG charter and that they would have to look at the legal implications.

In the email, Dan Connolly wrote:

... and adding 3 months, we get: 2007-11-26 + 3 months = 2007-02-26
for a deadline for publication for the HTML 5 specification.

The W3C Director, Tim Berners-Lee, sees no reason why this
working group should be excused further from the three-month
heartbeat rule, and further, encourages us to publish sooner
if at all possible.

I still think it’s really disappointing that it’s going to take a further two months to publish the document. I was personally wishing it would be published for XMas (a nice present for the web community!). A FPWD is important for both marketing reasons and legal reasons: when a FPWD, all sorts of legal things in the W3C process go into effect. From a marketing perspective, it will be good as lots of media attention. However, from a technical perspective, a FPWD is irrelevant because of the rate at which HTML5 is being edited by Hixie (on a daily, if not hourly basis). The latest draft of the HTML5 document is always available to anyone either via the WHATWG site or theW3C CVS repository.

Update: In a follow-up email, Hixie sees no reason not to publish the document straight away! He writes “Cool. Since we are encouraged to publish sooner rather than later, and since there doesn’t appear to be any reason for us not to publish immediately, I have prepared the document for Working Draft publication.” If we are lucky, we might see the document published for xmas! 🙂

Update: According this post by to Anne van Kesteren, the publication wheels are now in motion: Mike(tm) Smith sent the request for publication earlier today! Now pending Chris Lilley‘s approval… will Chris be the scrooge that ruins christmas?Lets hope not.

Update: No HTML for xmas I am afraid… In this email, Mike(tm) Smith writes, “after discussion with others on the team, the target publication date I’m requesting for the First Public Working Draft of the HTML5 specification is January 22.”